Sémiotique des signes faciaux en Occident et en Orient
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DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11065945Mots-clés :
Visage, sémiotique, criminalistique, empreinte digitale, intelligence artificielleRésumé
La nécessité de l’identification dans les sociétés, en particulier dans l’application de la loi, a créé une interaction historique entre les efforts des criminels pour cacher ou changer leur identité et les efforts de la société pour démasquer ces tromperies. La sémiotique, l’étude des signes, est essentielle pour comprendre ces méthodes de détection et d’identification, notamment en criminalistique et en criminologie. Historiquement, le visage a été un identifiant important, mais sa fiabilité a été remise en question en médecine légale, ce qui a conduit à l’adoption des empreintes digitales, inspirées des pratiques de la Chine, du Japon et de l’Inde. Avec l’avènement de l’ère numérique, les empreintes digitales ont évolué vers une forme numérique et sont désormais remplacées par la technologie de reconnaissance faciale. Ce retour à l’analyse faciale dans le cadre de l’IA forensique numérique entraîne plusieurs biais socioculturels, que la sémiotique peut aider à mettre au jour et à analyser.
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